In the complex environment of multi-axis linkage machining, the coordination of CNC turret control instructions and other axis instructions is the key to achieve precision machining.
First, from the perspective of machining path planning, multi-axis linkage machining requires a precise machining trajectory to be determined in advance. This trajectory is generated based on the three-dimensional model of the part and the machining requirements. In this process, the motion trajectory of the CNC turret tool and the motion trajectory of other axes (such as X, Y, Z linear axes and rotary axes A, B, C, etc.) are integrated in a unified coordinate system. For example, when machining a complex curved surface part, the control system calculates the ideal position of the tool on the turret at each moment and the corresponding positions of other axes based on the mathematical model of the surface. At this time, the control instructions of the turret and other axis instructions are converted through the post-processor from the design coordinate system of the part to the actual motion coordinate system of the machine tool, thereby ensuring that the tool processes the workpiece in the correct position and direction.
Secondly, time synchronization is an important aspect of coordination. In multi-axis linkage machining, the motion speed and position of each axis need to be accurately matched in time. For CNC turret, its tool change instructions, tool rotation and feed instructions must be synchronized with the motion instructions of other axes in time. Taking milling and turning as an example, when milling, the rotation speed and feed speed of the milling cutter on the turret must be coordinated with the movement speed of the workpiece on the X, Y, and Z axes and the rotation speed of the rotary axis (if any). This is achieved through the interpolation algorithm in the CNC system. The interpolation algorithm calculates the displacement and speed instructions of each axis in a very short time interval according to the processing path and speed requirements, so that the movement of the turret and other axes is precisely synchronized in time to ensure the accuracy and quality of the processed surface.
Furthermore, the feedback mechanism plays an important role in coordination. During the processing, each axis, including the CNC turret, is equipped with position sensors and speed sensors. These sensors feed back the actual position and speed information to the CNC system. When the tool movement of the turret or the movement of other axes deviates, the CNC system will adjust the instructions in time according to the feedback information. For example, if there is a slight deviation in the positioning of the tool after a tool change, the feedback system will detect it and the CNC system will correct the control command of the turret and adjust the commands of other axes accordingly to ensure the coordination and processing accuracy of the entire machining process.
