1. Analysis of wear mechanism
The mechanical transmission parts of CNC turret face various forms of wear in long-term operation. The first is abrasive wear. As hard particles such as metal chips and dust in the processing environment enter the contact area of the transmission parts, these particles scratch the surface of the parts like sandpaper during relative motion, gradually grinding away the material and reducing the matching accuracy. For example, if a large amount of metal debris generated in milling is not effectively cleaned, it is easy to cause this kind of wear. The second is adhesive wear. When the surface of the transmission part is under heavy load or high-speed operation, the temperature of the local contact point rises, the material softens and adheres to each other. As the movement continues, the adhesion is torn apart, resulting in material transfer and surface damage. The third is fatigue wear. Under the repeated alternating stress, such as the stress changes caused by the frequent tool change action of the turret, the transmission parts will produce microcracks inside the material. The cracks gradually expand and eventually cause the surface of the parts to peel off, reducing the load-bearing capacity and motion accuracy of the transmission parts.
2. The importance of lubrication management
Lubrication management is essential to reduce the wear of CNC turret mechanical transmission parts. Appropriate lubrication can form an oil film between transmission parts, separate the metal surfaces in contact with each other, and effectively reduce friction and wear. On the one hand, it reduces the friction coefficient, thereby reducing the heat generated by friction, preventing the adhesive wear caused by overheating and the negative impact on material properties. On the other hand, lubrication can also take away the abrasive particles and heat generated during the transmission process, playing a role in cleaning and heat dissipation. For example, in a high-speed ball screw transmission, good lubrication can greatly extend its service life and ensure the positioning accuracy and movement stability of the turret.
3. Lubrication management strategy
For the lubrication management of CNC turret, first of all, the appropriate lubricant should be selected according to factors such as the type of transmission parts, working conditions and speed. For example, for high-speed and light-loaded bearings, a lubricant with lower viscosity can be selected so that it can quickly enter the friction pair to form an oil film; for heavy-loaded and low-speed gear transmissions, a lubricant with higher viscosity is required to withstand greater pressure. Secondly, it is necessary to determine a reasonable lubrication method, common ones include oil bath lubrication, oil spray lubrication and grease lubrication. Oil bath lubrication is suitable for low-speed and medium-load occasions, such as the gearbox of some turrets; oil spray lubrication is used for high-speed and heavy-load situations, and can accurately spray lubricating oil to the required parts; grease lubrication is often used for rolling bearings with high sealing requirements and low speed. In addition, a regular lubrication maintenance system should be established, including checking the lubricant level, quality and replacement cycle, to ensure that the lubrication system is always in good working condition.
4. Wear monitoring and lubrication optimization
In order to manage lubrication more accurately, the wear of CNC turret mechanical transmission parts needs to be monitored. Vibration analysis, oil temperature monitoring, iron spectrum analysis and other technical means can be used. Through vibration analysis, it can be judged whether there is abnormal wear and the degree of wear of the transmission parts according to the characteristics of vibration frequency, amplitude and so on; oil temperature monitoring can reflect the working status of the lubrication system and the heating of the transmission parts, and indirectly indicate the wear condition; iron spectrum analysis can detect the type, size and number of wear particles contained in the lubricant, so as to determine the location and form of wear. According to the wear monitoring results, the lubrication strategy can be adjusted in time, such as changing the lubricant type, increasing the lubricant amount or changing the lubrication method, so as to optimize the lubrication management and further improve the operating reliability and service life of the CNC turret.
