1. Compatibility of tools and processing materials
The speed range of CNC turret should first consider the characteristics of tools and processing materials. Different tool materials, such as high-speed steel and carbide, can withstand very different cutting speeds. For example, carbide tools can withstand higher cutting speeds than high-speed steel tools. At the same time, the hardness, toughness and other properties of the processing material also have requirements for the speed. For materials with higher hardness, such as hardened steel, the speed may be relatively low to avoid excessive wear or damage to the tool; while for softer materials, such as aluminum alloys, the speed can be appropriately increased to improve processing efficiency. This is because hard materials require greater cutting force, and excessively high speeds may cause tool chipping, while soft materials can withstand higher cutting speeds without affecting processing quality.
2. Processing technology requirements
Different processing technologies have different requirements for the speed range of CNC turret. In roughing, the main purpose is to quickly remove a large amount of material. At this time, the speed may be relatively low, and the feed rate is large. Because roughing requires relatively low processing accuracy, a lower speed can increase the material removal rate while ensuring a certain life of the tool. In fine machining, in order to obtain good surface finish and dimensional accuracy, higher speed and smaller feed rate are often required. For example, when machining precision molds, in order to achieve extremely low surface roughness, it may be necessary to increase the speed of the CNC turret to a very high level.
3. Mechanical properties of the turret itself
The mechanical structure and performance of the CNC turret itself limit its speed range. The transmission system of the turret, whether it is gear drive, belt drive or other transmission methods, has its designed maximum speed. If this limit is exceeded, it may cause excessive wear, vibration or even damage to the transmission components. In addition, the load-bearing capacity and speed limit of key components such as the turret's bearings also restrict the speed range of the entire turret. If the bearings cannot stably support the rotating parts of the turret at high speeds, it will affect the machining accuracy and the service life of the turret.
4. Overall performance matching of the machine tool
The CNC turret is installed on the machine tool, and its speed range must match the overall performance of the machine tool. The power of the main motor of the machine tool is an important factor. If the speed of the turret is too high and the power required exceeds the power that the main motor can provide, it will not work properly. At the same time, the machine tool control system also needs to be able to accurately control the operation of the turret at different speeds, including the stability of acceleration and deceleration processes. If the machine tool control system is not accurate enough, the turret may lose control or increase machining errors at high speeds.
